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Chapter-13 Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-base Disturbances

BOOK TITLE: Pediatric Nursing

Author
1. Datta Parul
ISBN
9788184485684
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11110_13
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
9
Author Affiliations
1. Nursing Training School, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, School of Nursing, Shambhunath Pandit Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER) and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial (SSKM) Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER) and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial (SSKM) Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; District Hospital, Howrah, West Bengal, India, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER) and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial (SSKM) Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Chapter keywords
Body fluids, Acid base balance, Fluid imbalance, Electrolyte imbalance, Dehydration, Overhydration, Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia, Hyperkalemia, Acidosis, Alkalosis.

Abstract

Disturbances of the fluid and electrolyte balance are very common problems in growing children, usually found in association with several disease conditions. Correction and maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance are prime importance for the management of sick child to prevent further damage of vital organs. Fluid imbalance is found as dehydration and over-hydration or water intoxication. Common electrolyte disturbances are hyponatremia, hypernatrimia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia. Acid-base imbalance is found as acidosis or alkalosis. These conditions can be metabolic or respiratory in origin. Monitoring of fluid electrolyte imbalance, maintenance of fluid therapy and intake output balance are very significant for the management of hospitalized children during their illnesses.

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