Communicable diseases are major public health problems in India especially among children. These diseases are mainly caused by infectious agents like virus, bacteria and parasites. Common viral infections found in children are measles, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, chickenpox, dengue, mumps and HIV/AIDS. Common bacterial infections in children include tuberculosis, typhoid fever, tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. Childhood parasitosis is commonly found as intestinal parasitic infestations with amebiasis, giardiasis, worm infestations like round worms, thread worms, hook worms and tape worms. Other parasitic diseases include malaria, kala-azar, and hydatid diseases. Communicable diseases are preventable by vaccination and specific preventive measures. Community awareness about the preventive aspects is important approach to control these communicable diseases. Early identification, regular surveillance and elimination of potential causes are essential as preventive approach. Nursing personnel are responsible for hospitalized care, home based care and educating common people for prevention and management of these problems.