Childhood blood diseases may occur as both congenital and acquired conditions. Common blood diseases among children include different types of anemias, coagulation disorders, hemorrhagic diseases and leukemia. Anemia is the most common blood disorder in children mainly due to nutritional deficiency. Congenital blood disorders are found as Thalassemia, hemophilia, hereditary spherocytosis and sickle cell anemia. Aplastic anemia can occur as both congenital and acquired problems, which is caused by bone marrow depression. Leukemia is most common type of childhood malignancy, required early diagnosis and appropriate management for better prognosis. Bleeding disorders in children also may found as congenital and acquired conditions as thrombocytopenic or non- thrombocytopenic purpura. Another fatal blood disorder is disseminated intravascular coagulation, which occurs as an acquired thrombotic and hemorrhagic syndrome and commonly found in neonates resulting from several pathological conditions. Immunodeficiency is another form of blood disorder found in children due to impairment of body defense mechanism. An important intervention in case of blood diseases is blood or blood product transfusions. Nursing personnel should follow strict guidelines during this procedure along with other management protocols.