Cytological terminology, performance of conventional and liquid based cytology and evaluation of the interest of HPV detection for cervical screening and guidelines on the management of a patient with an abnormal cervical smear are issues which need discussions. Efforts must focus on improving coverage of the population especially among underprivileged populations and continuing quality assurance. The liquid based cytology (LBC) corresponds to a sampling where cells are put in suspension in liquid. For the primary screening, adjunctive HPV testing with cytology has been proposed for women over 30 years old for enhancing sensitivity of screening and increasing smear testing interval.