It was in the 1970s that Zur Hausen in Germany implicated that the Human Papilloma Virus was the causative organism which led to the development of Cervical Cancer. HPV diagnosis is possible by Clinical, Cytology, Colposcopy, Histopathology and Molecular Biology. Cytology Smears show koilocytes, multinucleated cells and cells with orangeophilic cytoplasm. Colposcopy is the most important tool to make a clinical diagnosis. Characteristic histological change is koilocytosis with or without atypia. HPV-DNA test by Hybrid Capture 2 is a simple Molecular Biology test, which will do viral typing also. Clinically HPV 16–18 may be cleared in 8-16 months whereas HPV 6–11 may be cleared in 4–8 months if the immune response is adequate and the CD4 count is high. Counseling in HPV is very important. Appropriate Management of Cervical Intra epithelial Neoplasia is recommended. Follow up is necessary on short and long term basis. In some countries, HPV DNA testing is being used as Primary Screening. It should be used in women over the age of 35 years. There is no drug therapy available as yet against HPV virus unlike the treatment of HIV infection. However, prophylactic vaccines are currently marketed in over several countries. The association of HPV and cervical cancer is causal and necessary. HPV based preventive strategies, screening and vaccination should target all cases. Vaccines may provide a solution for the developing countries.