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Chapter-13 Paediatric Oncology

BOOK TITLE: Hutchison's Paediatrics

Author
1. Carachi Robert
2. Gupta Devendra K
3. Sharma Shilpa
ISBN
9788184485868
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10367_13
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
20
Author Affiliations
1. Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Sick Children,Glasgow, Scotland, UK, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
2. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, Superspecialty Pediatric Hospital and Postgraduate Teaching Institute Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
3. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 280, Deepali Enclave Pitampura, Delhi -110034, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 416 Administration Block, PGIMER, Dr RML Hospital, Baba Kharg Singh Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi, India, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences and DR RML Hospital, New Delhi, India, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr RML Hospital, PhD Scholar, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delh, India, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr RML Hospital, PhD Scholar, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

This important chapter outlines all the common neoplasms dealt with in the paediatric age group. Wilms tumor, the most common renal malignancy, accounts for 6-7% of all childhood cancers. Nephrogenic rests are thought to be precursor lesions to Wilms tumour. Wilms tumours are mostly solitary lesions but can be multifocal in 12% cases. There are basically two important treatment protocols, the National Wilms’ Tumour Study group and the Société Internationale d’Oncologie Paedia-trique. Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children, accounting for 8% to 10% of all childhood cancers. It is the most common cancer diagnosed during infancy. It is a malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system arising from neuroblasts. Increased urinary catecholamines levels are detected in 90% to 95% of neuroblastoma patients. Metastases are common in neuroblastoma. Surgery plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of neuroblastoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the third most common neoplasm after neuroblastoma and Wilms tumour, comprising 15% of all extracranial paediatric solid tumours. A multimodal treatment approach, risk-adapted therapy, refinements in tumour grouping and better supportive care has resulted in good survival rates. Most cases of hepatoblastoma occur in infancy or very young childhood. Germ cell tumours account for 2-4% of all malignant diseases in children.

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