The chapter on Paediatric Rheumatology starts by listing the main causes of arthralgia and arthritis in children and continues to focus on the common chronic musculoskeletal disorders encountered in the paediatric age group. These include reactive arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and its various subgroups and associated uveitis, the connective tissue disorders, vasculitis, orthopaedic conditions and non-organic causes of joint pains. The therapeutic options available to treat these conditions are discussed at length, including analgesics, steroids, chemotherapeutic disease modifying drugs and the more modern biological agents. Various case studies, key learning points and photographs are included to help clarify the clinical picture of the disorders discussed. After reading the chapter, the reader should have gained knowledge on how to approach the child presenting with joint pains, establish the diagnosis and decide on the main lines of therapy.