Diseases of nervous system contribute to a significant proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality. This chapter focuses on the common neurological disorders seen in childhood and comprises the following sections: congenital malformations of CNS, infections of the nervous system, acute flaccid paralysis, convulsions in childhood, movement disorders, neurocutaneous syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, neuromuscular disorders, cerebral palsy, learning disorders, etc. Special mention has been made about childhood stroke along with neuro imaging pictures.