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Chapter-43 Phototoxicity

BOOK TITLE: Drug Screening Methods: Preclinical Evaluation of New Drugs

Author
1. Galpalli Niranjan
2. Jaiswal Jagdish
ISBN
9788184486186
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10244_43
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, New Delhi (India), Lupin Bioresearch Center, Pashan, Pune (Maharashtra), India, Lupin Bioresearch Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2. Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland (New Zealand), Ahmedabad, India, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Many systemic, therapeutic agents photosensitize human skin to solar or artificial sources of UV radiation (UVR). The phototoxic potential of an agent is often only noted during clinical trials late in product development. Withdrawal of an agent at this stage is extremely costly to the manufacturer and although various animal skin phototoxicity models exist, there is increasing ethical pressure to develop alternative methods. The solar energy produces photobiological effects on microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans. Biologically most active region of the solar spectrum is from 290 to 700 nm. The UV part of the spectrum includes wavelengths from 200 to 400 nm. The most relevant spectral regions are UVB (290-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm). Sunlight containing radiation of longer than 400 nm has much lower biological effectiveness. The most thoroughly studied photobiological reactions that occur in skin are induced by UVB. UVB elicits most of the known chemical phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. Several models used for screening of phototoxicity are described here.

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