Now orthopedic nursing refers to nursing management of disorders of bones and muscle, i.e. disease and deformities of the muscle and skeleton, for treatment and correction. The musculoskeletal systems include the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and bursae of the body. The function of these components is highly integrated. Therefore disease in or injury to one component adversely affect the other. For example, an infection in joint causes degeneration of the articular surfaces of the bones within the joint and local muscle atrophy. These diseases and injuries of musculoskeletal system significantly of all ages. Nurses in all practice areas encounter patient with disruption of musculoskeletal function. The chapter covers key components of assessment which include health history, physical examination, diagnostic studies, of musculoskeletal system and also discuss some important disorders such as soft-tissue injuries, carpal tunnel syndrome, repetitive strain injury, Rh. Arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile Rh, arthritis, septic arthritis, gout, lyme disease, seronegative arthropathies, reiters syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, crest syndrome, dermatomyositis, fibromyalgia syndrome, osteomyelitis, low back pain, scoliosis, problem of extremities, muscle tumors, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, etc. Each disorder of musculoskeletal system presented with etiology, pathophysiology clinical manifestation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment and nursing management accompanying with nursing care plan and related procedures for specific conditions.