The human nervous system is a highly specialized system responsible for the control and integration of the body many activity. It consists of two divisions. The central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves and can be further divided into the somatic or voluntary nervous system and the autonomic or involuntary nervous system. The function of the nervous system is control of all motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive and behavioral activities. Nurses in many practice settings encounter patient with altered neurologic function. Disorders of the nervous system can occur at any time during the life span and can vary from mild self-timing symptoms to devastating life threatening disorders. Nurses must be skilled in the assessment of the neurologic system whether the assessment is generated or focused on specific areas of function. Assessment requires knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the system and understanding of the array of test and procedure used in diagnose disorders. Knowledge about the nursing implication and intervention related to diagnostic and testing is essential. This chapter covers the key components of assessment which includes health history mental status examination, physical examination, neurological examination and diagnosis studies of the system. And also altered level of consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, Head injury, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain abscess, Intracranial tumors, stroke, Epilepsy, Headache, Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis, GB Syndrome, Trigeminal neuralgia. Spinal cord injury, Bells palsy, etc. Each disorder of nervous system presented with etiology, pathophysiology clinical manifestation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment and nursing management with nursing care plans and procedures of certain conditions.