Widespread infection and malnutrition make mothers and child health worst. To prevent such tragedy MCH and FP are accepted norms under national programme. Early nomenclature MCH and FP is changed to RCH under Government of India programme. Organisation, agencies, MCH problems are described. Antenatal, intra natal and post natal care are described under RCH programme. Dai training (TBA training) is detailed. Home visiting, delivery services, diet supplement are given emphasis under RCH. The present concept of domiciliary services is detailed. Exclusive Breast Feeding is emphasised. Preventive steps for LBW, PEM are highlighted. Under RCH , definition, elements, factors affecting and indicators are highlighted. Demography and population education is stressed in the chapter. Family planning programme (Family Welfare) is described in detail. Different methods of FP are detailed. In each case, role of Health Inspector is outlined as practical approach.