A renewed interest in parasitic lung infections has been observed recently because many protozoal and helminthic parasites cause clinically significant lung diseases. Cystic hydatid disease is a zoonotic infection of tapeworms of genus Echinococcus and species E. granulosus and rarely E. alveolaris. Amebic colitis and liver abscess are the most common intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of E. histolytica infection. Pleuropulmonary complications occur almost exclusively in individuals with a liver abscess. This chapter deals with the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of parasitic and protozoal lung diseases which are a rare but important differential diagnosis in pulmonary diseases.