Hematuria has been defined as passage of blood or RBCs in the urine. Hematuria may be maroscopic or microscopic. Macroscopic hematuria can be recognized when RBC corpuscles are detected under the microscope. Hematuria may be initial, terminal or total. Hematuria may be due to several medical causes or due to surgical causes (urological) related to the urinary system. When hematuria is bright red it indicates bleeding from lower urinary tract, while dark red indicates the source of bleeding from the kidney. Hematuria at the beginning of micturation indicates an uretheral lesion, if it occurs at the end of the act it is probably of vesical origin. Hematuria throughout the act of micturation is usually of pre-renal, renal or vesical in origin. An uretheral lesion may bleed independent of the micturation. Urine examination: Urine microscopy, Urine culture plain film of KUB area, Intravenous urography, urethrography, retrograde pyelogram, Ultrasound CT scan, MR urography angiography cystourethroscopy, ureterorenoscopy, FNAC, Renal biopsy.