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Chapter-109 Voice Disorders

BOOK TITLE: Head & Neck Surgery (2 Volumes)

Author
1. Rubin John S
2. Epstein Ruth
ISBN
9788184486797
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10351_109
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
6
Author Affiliations
1. University College London Hospitals, London, England, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
2. Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
Chapter keywords
musculoskeletal tension, communication dysfunctions, nonorganic disorders, habitual dysphonias, neurological evidence, strobolaryngoscopy, surgical conditions, hoarseness, psychogenic vocal problems, physiology, electrolaryngography, personality disorders, endolaryngeal approaches, psychological capacity, phonosurgery, gastroesophageal reflux, clinical management

Abstract

This chapter discusses voice disorders, where the main symptom in people with voice disorders is hoarseness or dysphonia which describes an alteration in voice quality. A voice disorder may also exist when the structure of the laryngeal mechanism, the function, or both no longer meet the voicing requirements of the speaker. Voice disorders include musculoskeletal tension disorders and conversion voice disorders. Vocal fold nodules and polyps usually arise from trauma and changes in the basement membrane zone of the epithelium. Voice problems associated with nervous system involvement include spasmodic dysphonia, myasthenia gravis and vocal fold paralysis. Electrolaryngography8, 9 gives information about the action of the vocal folds, using noninvasive procedures. Measures of airflow, air pressure, and air volume reflect laryngeal valving efficiency and respiratory support. Speech and language therapists are trained to apply a common operational definition to each term, and high inter-listener reliability scores are sought for severity judgements.

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