This chapter discusses diseases of the esophagus, which is a hollow tubular organ that connects the pharynx in the neck to the stomach in the abdomen. Dysphagia is hindrance to passage of food from mouth to stomach. Structural, neurological, and motility disorders can lead to inappropriate transport of food across the esophagus, causing dysphagia. Regurgitation is effortless passage of food contents from stomach to mouth without nausea, retching, and abdominal contractions. Esophageal dysphagia may be mechanical or motor. Feeling of lump or tightness in the throat is known as globus sensation, and is not an uncommon complaint among patients reporting to throat consultants Gastroesophageal reflux is reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Endoscopy reveals a roomy esophagus, with liquid or food residue. Endoscopy, dilatation, and stent placement can all lead to esophageal perforation. Treatment depends upon the site, extent of perforation, degree of contamination, status of patient, pre-existing disease and available expertise.