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Chapter-032 Forehead Rejuvenation

BOOK TITLE: Head & Neck Surgery (2 Volumes)

Author
1. Pearlman Steven J
2. Graham III Devon H
ISBN
9788184486797
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10351_32
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
12
Author Affiliations
1. Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
2. Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Chapter keywords
forehead rejuvenation, furrows, glabella, horizontal forehead rhytids, dynamic rhytids, temporoparietal fascia, areolar tissue, Brow ptosis, galea

Abstract

This chapter discusses forehead rejuvenation, where furrows in the glabella, horizontal forehead rhytids, and lines across the radix of the nose can all be addressed surgically or non-surgically with the use of Botox. Facial aging occurs as a result of the effects of gravity, loss of support from reduced elastic tissue and collagen changes within the dermis and dynamic rhytids from hyperactive muscular activity. Brow ptosis can even cause superolateral visual field defects, typically thought to be due to upper blepharochalasis. The scalp consists of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, aponeurosis or galea, loose areolar tissue, and periosteum. The galea is a tendinous inelastic sheet that connects the frontalis muscle to the occipitalis muscle and merges laterally with the temporoparietal fascia (TPF), which is continuous with the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) in the lower face. The facial nerve supplies all of the muscles of facial expression, including the centrally located corrugator and procerus muscles.

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