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Chapter-098 Nuclear Medicine in Head and Neck Oncology

BOOK TITLE: Head & Neck Surgery (2 Volumes)

Author
1. Baur Dale A
2. Heston Thomas F
3. Helman Joseph I
ISBN
9788184486797
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10351_98
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
11
Author Affiliations
1. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, First Floor, BLDG 300, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, USA
3. University of Michigan, USA
Chapter keywords
computerized tomography, scintillation detectors, photon emission, anatomic location, diagnostic tests, lymphatic mapping, osteoblastic activity, periosteal surfaces, clinical information, radiopharmaceutical, dynamic imaging, photopenic lesions, osteoprogenitor cells, avascular necrosis, staging lymphadenectomy, proportional chamber detectors, radioactivity

Abstract

This chapter discusses nuclear medicine in head and neck oncology, where nuclear medicine has firmly established itself as a valuable diagnostic modality in the work-up and staging of the head and neck oncology patient. The detection of radioactivity is determined using proportional (gas) chambers, semiconductor detectors, and scintillation detectors. Nuclear medicine studies of bone, endocrine and exocrine glands, lymphatic mapping, and positron emission tomography are the most frequently used in head and neck oncology. A normal bone scan should demonstrate symmetry around the midline with uniform uptake of the radiopharmaceutical. The metabolic activity of osteoblasts incorporates calcium phosphate during the process of ossification. Certain carcinomas have a tendency to metastasize to bone. Photopenic lesions can result from previous radiation treatment, tumor necrosis, local vascular compromise, early osteomyelitis, a prosthetic joint, multiple myeloma, some lymphomas and avascular necrosis.

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