This chapter discusses anesthetic deaths in detail. Death during administration of anesthesia and deaths directly related to administration of an anesthetic, are some topics discussed in detail. When surgery has been unduly delayed and preoperative condition of patient is poor, shock and exhaustion may be major factors responsible for causing the death of the patient or the patient has been unable to bear the stress of anesthesia and surgery. Lack of adequate experience is the most common cause of death related to administration of an anesthetic. Equipment/device failure deaths include faulty connections or mislabeling of anesthetic gases and drugs and explosion and fire in operation theatre. Depression of respiratory centre by overdose of drugs used for pre-medication and pain relief or overdose of anesthetic agent used can lead to respiratory deaths. Large tidal volumes used during intermittent positive pressure ventilation may result in lung trauma leading to pneumothorax or tension pneumothorax. Local anesthetics may cause toxicity resulting from overdose or allergic reactions, hypersensitivity and idiosyncrasy. Marked hypotension is observed in elderly, in fluid deficit states, like hemorrhage and dehydration.