This chapter discusses abortion, expulsion or extraction from its mother of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 g or less, when it is not capable of independent survival. Abortion can be classified as natural or spontaneous abortion, criminal abortion, and artificial or induced abortion. Majority of early abortions are due to chromosomal abnormality and both autoimmune and alloimmune factors can cause miscarriage. Legal or justifiable artificial or induced abortion is when it is done in good faith to save the life of the woman and performed within the legal provisions of the MTP Act. Methods for inducing criminal abortion are abortifacient drugs, general violence, and local violence. Various methods of abortions are syringing, syringe aspiration, vacuum aspiration, rupturing of membranes, abortion stick, dilation of cervix, air insufflations, electric current, and pastes. Nearly all criminal abortion take place at about 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy, when the woman in certain about her condition. Sudden death of a woman of child-bearing age should give rise to the suspicion of criminal abortion if the deceased was pregnant and deeply cyanosed.