Preoperative preparation emphasizes the importance of operating on a quiet non-inflammed eye to reduce the risk of recurrence. Indications for surgery are based on clinical staging, which also determines the most appropriate technique. Three techniques, conjunctival (rotational) flaps, conjunctival autograft and amniotic membrane grafting are detailed in a step by step fashion. A table of preferred instruments is provided. Mucosal graft and transposition techniques are also described. The preparation and use of adjunctive mitomycin C is described in detail. Postoperative management is outlined and several regimens are provided to enhance corneal healing. A travel set of instruments for itinerant surgery is provided and several examples of case histories are discussed. New treatments in pterygium surgery include fibrin glue, surgical contact lenses, and anti-VEGF substances for the inhibition of neovascularization are introduced.