The chapter deals with the details of neural communication, perception of sensations at the conscious level and motor actions. The parts of the nervous system associated with the sensory perception, motivation, planning, programming, execution, control, and coordination of voluntary movements, posture and balance have been explained in a simple manner. The role of nervous system in behavior, emotion, learning, memory, speech and sleep have also been covered appropriately. At each level of structural and functional description, the effects of damage or lesion have also been adequately explained to enable the student to apply the physiological basis for the clinical manifestations of neurological disorders.