The breast is a modified skin appendage which is functional in the females during lactation but is rudimentary in the males. Microanatomy of the breast reveals 2 types of tissue components: epithelial and stromal. The epithelial component of the breast consists of 2 major parts: terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU) which performs the main secretory function during lactation, and large duct system which performs the function of collection and drainage of secretions; both are interconnected to each other. The supportive stroma of the breast consists of variable amount of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue during different stages of reproductive life. Acute pyogenic infection of the breast occurs chiefly during the first few weeks of lactation and sometimes by eczema of the nipples. Mammary duct ectasia is a condition in which one or more of the larger ducts of the breast are dilated and filled with inspissated secretions. A galactocele is cystic dilatation of one or more ducts occurring during lactation. Fibroadenoma or adenofibroma is a benign tumour of fibrous and epithelial elements. It is the most common benign tumour of the female breast.