Knowledge of dental anatomy, physiology, histology and occlusion is essential for excellence in performance in operative procedures. This chapter starts out with discussion on structures of teeth viz., enamel, dentin and pulp. Then goes onto discuss in length about various descriptions about dentitions and in detail about morphology of each individual tooth. Then the chapter concludes with discussion about occlusion, various aspects of occlusion, mandibular movements in various planes, types of tooth to tooth contact during occlusion and various factors influencing occlusion.