This chapter discusses amniotic membrane transplantation. The amniotic membrane can be tailored to fit into the bed of corneal epithelial defect if it is expected to promote epithelialization, as in a persistent epithelial defect. The amniotic membrane can also be used to cover the surface of the cornea to protect the “inlay” graft. It therefore serves the role of a biological contact lens. When used in this manner, it is termed an “onlay” graft. Amniotic membrane in ocular surface reconstruction also serves as a “separator” to keep raw, granulating surfaces apart till they epithelialize. This property is used when repairing symblephara. Amniotic membrane is also used in other areas of the eye, for other surgical procedures. In recent times, it has gained popularity as the substrate for ex vivo cultivation of corneal and conjunctival epithelial sheets in the lab—both for research purposes and also for transplantation onto the human eye, either as an autograft or in some instances as an allograft. A composite graft of both corneal and conjunctival epithelium on amniotic membrane is also used.