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Chapter-04 Fatty Acids

BOOK TITLE: Nutrition and the Eye

Author
1. Pinelli Roberto
2. Elborgy Ebrahim
ISBN
9788184488623
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11052_4
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2010
Pages
8
Author Affiliations
1. Istituto Laser Microchirurgia Oculare, Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia, 70, 25124 Brescia, Italy, Istituto Laser Microchirurgia Oculare Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia 70 25124, Brescia, Italy, European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology (ESASO), Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland, Microchirurgia Oculare, Crystal Palace, Suite, Via Cefalonia, 70 25124 Brescia - Italy, Istituto Laser Microchirurgia Oculare, Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia, 70, Brescia, Italy, Istituto Laser Microchirurgia Oculare, Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia, Brescia, Italy, www.ilmo.it, Istituto Laser Microchirurgia Oculare, Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia, Brescia, Italy, Instituto Laser Microchirurgia Oculare, Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia, Brescia, Italy, Istituto Laser Microchirurgia Oculare, Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia, 70, 25124, Brescia, Italy, Istituto Laser Microchirurgia, Oculare Crystal Palace, Via Cefalonia, 70, 25124, Brescia, Italy, Crystal Palace Via Cefalonia, 70 25124 Brescia, Italy, Istituto Laser
2. Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Saturated fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms. Monosaturated fatty acid with only one double bond between carbon atoms. Polyunsaturated fatty acid: a fatty acid with more than one double bond between carbons. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids, meaning they contain more than one cis double bond. omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients. Prior to absortion in the small intestine, fatty acids must be hydrolyzed from dietary fats (triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol) by pancreatic enzymes. Nutrition and the eye: the capacity for conversion of ALA to DHA is higher in women than men. Studies of ALA metabolism in healthy young men indicate that approximately 8% of dietary ALA is coverted to EPA and 0-4% is coverted to DHA. Food sources: omega-6 fatty acids: linoleic acid: food sources of LA include vegetable oils, such as soybean, safflower, and corn oil, nuts, seeds, and some vegetables. Arachidonic Acid: animals, but no plants, can convert LA to AA. therefore, AA is present in small amounts in meat, poultry, and eggs. Omega-3 fatty acids: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA): flaxseeds, walnuts, and their oils are among the richest dietary sources of ALA. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DH). Oil fish are the major dietary source of EPA and DHA. Omega-6 fatty acids: Borage seed oil, evening primrose oil, and black currant seed oil are rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and are often marketed as GLA or essential fatty acid supplements. Fatty Acids and the Eya: docosahexaenoic acid in particular is an essential structuraò component of the retinal membranes and is found in the highest concentration per unit area in the retina. The outer photoreceptor-cell segments of the retina are constantly shed in the normal visual cycle and deficiency of this w-3 fatty acid may initiate AMD. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are effected by and influence processes implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular and neural retinal disease.

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