Even the best and experienced practitioners of Behavioral Pedodontics would agree that behavior modification has its limitations in spite of its high success, predictability and reproducibility. The inclusion of pharmacological methods such as conscious sedation, deep sedation and general anesthesia may widen the potential for treating uncooperative patients. These methods do not replace the non-pharmacological methods in any way but are useful when the behavior modification is either not feasible or has failed; and more so, if the treatment has to be delivered on an emergency basis. The two obvious advantages of the pharmacological child management are: 1. No ‘cooperation’ factor: no movements of child’s head, tongue, body, no saliva contamination or gagging, no need for the dentist to remain in active conversation with the child. 2. It is possible to complete extensive procedures in single/fewer visits.