Inflammation and the related signs and symptoms are usual sequelae to any injury, surgical or otherwise. But when these exceed the expected limits and untoward mishaps occur, we call them complications. These can be attributed to empty number of reasons ranging from iatrogenic to intrinsic. Complications can range from very minor to very severe. The dictum goes “prevention is better than cure”. Proper pre-operative evaluation of the patient, implementation of remedial and preventive measures and taking utmost care during and after surgery are certain imperatives the surgical team should practice diligently. In short, most, if not all, of the complications can be prevented. Inadvertent mishaps do occur, and the surgeon and his team should be aware of the common as well as rare complications and their management. Leaving aside the general complications associated with major surgical procedures, the complications specific to orthognathic surgery only are dealt here.