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Chapter -10 Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Effect on Male Infertility: An Evidence-based Review

BOOK TITLE: Andrology Laboratory Manual

Author
1. Agarwal Ashok
2. Mendiola Jaime
3. Torres-Cantero Alberto M
ISBN
9788184489019
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11172_10
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2010
Pages
12
Author Affiliations
1. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Staff, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Ob-Gyn and Women’s Health Institute, Anatomic Pathology and Immunology Cleveland Clinic, Desk A 19.1 Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Clinical Andrology Center and Fertility Laboratory; Research at the American, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA, Lerner College of Medicine; Andrology Laboratory; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Infertility and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute, Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA, Lerner College of Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Infertility and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute, Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Lerner College of Medicine; Androl
2. School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
3. School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Human semen is the end result of a sophisticated biological process hormonally regulated, produced by highly specialized cellular lines that differentiate in embryo but initiate division at puberty and will continue dividing throughout the entire life span of the individual in cycles of 72 days. Semen is a sensitive indicator of environmental, occupational and lifestyle exposures that may be altered by direct toxic effects and hormonal disruption. Damage may happen along the entire human life. However, while some exposures may produce reversible changes, others, especially damage to germinal cells in uterus or prepubertally may result in permanent sequelae. We review the main factors that affect human male fertility and their possible influence in current human reproduction. Some lifestyles, xenoestrogens, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds are already known to compromise reproductive male function. Nonetheless, many questions remain and we still know little about the effect of many other factors on male fertility.

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