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Chapter-13 Genetics of Dental Caries

BOOK TITLE: Genetics in Dentistry

Author
1. Pal GP
2. Mahato Niladri Kumar
ISBN
9788184489415
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11353_13
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2010
Pages
10
Author Affiliations
1. Modern Dental College and Research Centre Indore (MP), India
2. Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences Indore (MP), India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Dental caries is said to be multifactorial disease. The disease is caused due to interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Although the twin studies provided some strong evidence of genetic contribution to the risk of dental caries, none provided any evidence of linkage to specific genes. The individual’s genotype may influence the likelihood of intraoral colonization of cariogenic bacteria. A person may be caries-resistant or caries-susceptible for a particular strain of bacteria. Even if cariogenic bacteria are present in the oral cavity the caries-resistance person usually doesn’t develop caries. This confirms the presence of important genetic elements influencing susceptibility to dental caries. This chapter also discusses, at length, the association between HLA antigen and susceptibility to dental caries. Many studies reported the strong association between HLA DRw6 loci and DMFS index. Literature on role of saliva in protection against caries is nearly equally divided both in favour of and against the anticaries role of salivary immunoglobulin’s. High caries prevalence has been reported for individuals suffering from the deletion at 22q11. In 22q11DS syndrome the salivary function is affected which explain the increased caries risk seen in these subjects. The syndrome epidermolysis bullosa has been shown to be involved with an alteration in the enamel and as well as with an increased incidence of caries. Genome wide genotype data and DMFT scores in a large number of families were evaluated by Vieira (2008). Low caries susceptibility loci were found on chromosome number 5 (5q13.3), 14 (14q11.2) and X (Xq27.1). The high caries susceptibility genes were identified on chromosome number 13 (13q31.1) and 14 (14q24.3).

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