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Chapter-07 The Extrapyramidal System

BOOK TITLE: Neurology

Author
1. Kenkre Rajendra B
ISBN
9788184489477
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11181_7
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2010
Pages
28
Author Affiliations
1. Goa, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease. Tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, mean age of onset 46 years onset may be at age less than 21 years. Genetic aspects Mendelian PD Gene Park I Park II Park I Chromosome 4Q 21 alphasynuclein, gene Park II chromosome 6Q 25.2-27 parkin AR, Park I (Alphasynuclein) Trinuceeotide-Repeats disorder are discussed under following. Huntigtons disease, spinocerebellar disease, autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias SCA3/Machado-Joseph disease and SCA2 Wilson’s disease autosomal dominant inheritance affecting chromosome 13Q 14-21. MRI Shows Ventricular Dilatation, cortical atrophy putamen and caudate lesion. Striato Nigral Degeneration, lewy body dementia, progressive supra nuclear palsy. Drug induced parkinsonism. Besides drugs, Toxic causes include manganese Ore miners, welders. Tremor: Benign essential tremor. Family history positive in 20% cases respond to gabapentin, Benzodiazepines, Beta adrenergic blockade. Writer’s Cramp: Form of Dystonia. Family history positive in a large percentage of patients Dystonias Spasmodic torticollis, Blepharospasm, Myoclonus. Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome pathology, Atrophy of caudate and putamen. Restless leg syndrome: Positive family history in some patients. Mechanism Dopaminergic mechanism is possible.

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