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Chapter-16 Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

BOOK TITLE: Principles of Pediatric & Neonatal Emergencies

Author
1. Lodha Rakesh
2. Sarthi Manjunatha
3. Mouli Natchu UC
ISBN
9788184489507
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11182_16
Edition
3/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, e-mail: rakesh_lodha@hotmail.com, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
2. SS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Jnanashankara, Davangere, Karnataka, India
3. Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 496, Udyog Vihar, Phase III, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The extraordinarily complicated functions of the human body depend on the preservation of a narrow range of volume and composition of the body fluids. Even slight variations can have dramatic manifestations and consequences. On the other hand, there is an immense capability to maintain homeostasis, i.e. the dynamic equilibrium between the intake of water, inorganic substances and organic molecules, their distribution between body compartments, and their excretion. Before considering the conditions that affect this delicate balance, it is important to discuss the principles of fluids and electrolyte balance in our body. In children, the influence of growth on physiology is striking in terms of: (a) the body composition of fluids and electrolytes, (b) metabolic turnover, and (c) the progressive maturation of organ systems (e.g. the kidneys) with time.

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