In this chapter we will deal with the more frequently occurring serious dermatological problems when they occur in children. Several skin problems require a quick diagnosis and appropriate and timely management and the situation can be especially serious if a dermatologist is not available at hand and the patient is a child. Since in the present curriculum of undergraduate training, the exposure of the students to the dermatologic problems and their management is far from satisfactory, it is often a challenge for a primary care provider to differentiate mundane skin ailments from more serious, life-threatening conditions that require immediate intervention. Children with serious skin diseases require not only specialized skin care but aggressive supportive therapy including balanced nutrition, intravenous rehydration with maintenance of electrolyte balance, continuous monitoring of the vital signs like body temperature and cardiopulmonary function, maintenance of good oral hygiene and eye care.