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Chapter-49 Management of Specific Toxicological Emergencies

BOOK TITLE: Principles of Pediatric & Neonatal Emergencies

Author
1. Singh Utpal Kant
2. Chugh Krishan
3. Taneja Vikas
4. Choudhary Sanjay
ISBN
9788184489507
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11182_49
Edition
3/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
36
Author Affiliations
1. Nalanda Medical College, Patna, India, Patna Medical College, Patna (India), Patna Medical College, Patna, Patna Medical College, Patna, India, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India, Nalanda Medical College, Patna, Bihar, Nalanda Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India
2. Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India, SGR Hospital, New Delhi, India, Institute of Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, e-mail: chughk@bol.net.in, Child Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, Centre for Child Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi
3. IAP/ISCCM; Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi, A-506, Shakti Apartments, Plot No. 18, Sector 5, Dwarka, New Delhi 110045, Columbia Asia Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Columbia Asia Hospital, Gurgaon, Harayana, India, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, e-mail: drvikastaneja@hotmail.com, Columbia Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Columbia Asia Hospital, Palam Vihar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
4. BS Ambedkar Hospital, Sector 6, Rohini, Delhi, India, Sector-5, Rohini, B S Ambedkar Hospital, Delhi
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Hydrocarbon constitute a large group of compounds, organic as well as inorganic, composed of varying amounts of carbon and hydrogen. Most of the hydrocarbons are derivatives of petroleum distillates, some are of plant origin also, e.g. turpentine oil and pine oil. So all petroleum products are hydrocarbons but not all hydrocarbons are petroleum products. Dhatura stramonium (Jimson weed, thronapple, locoweed) an annual plant grows to about 4 feet with tubular white flowers and green fruit covered with thorns. Opioids are naturally occurring or synthetic compounds with morphine like actions or actions mediated through binding to opioid receptors. The term ‘Opioids’ is preferred to term “Narcotic” which connotes only the potential to induce sleep. Acetaminophen is the most widely used antipyretic and analgesic. It is a combination agent in approximately 125 medications that has been deemed safe and effective when used within recommended dosage. Organophosphorus compounds and carbamates are the two main classes of pesticides used for agricultural and domestic purpose. They together account for 80 percent exposure to insecticides. Lead poisoning is a common disease of toxic environmental origin. Lead is ubiquitous in the human environment as a result of industrialization. It has no known physiologic value. Iron is an essential nutrient that is a common content of numerous vitamin preparations and tonics. Barbiturates are substituted derivatives of barbituric acid. These are used in pediatric practice mainly for seizures control. Phenothiazines are neuroleptic agents and are used primarily in functional psychoses (like mania and anxiety), as anti-emetic, in tetanus to control spasms and sometimes to control intractable hiccups. Corrosives are strong acids or alkalis. The acidic agents usually implicated are toilet bowel cleaners and automobile battery fluids which contain hydrochloric or sulphuric acid. Naphthalene poisoning occurs mainly in the pediatric age group and the substance is present in a 100 percent concentration in mothballs.

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