This chapter discusses modern glaucoma surgery. Glaucoma is probably caused by different factors, not just elevated IOP. The first results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) show that treating people with early stages of primary open-angle glaucoma with pressure-lowering treatment can delay disease progression. New software shows in a simple way the progression or nonprogression over time, so it is possible to give an individual prognosis and even individual treatment. The golden standard for many years has been the trabeculectomy, known for effectively lowering the intraocular pressure, but often followed by severe complications. Nonperforating trabecular surgery has few and seldom severe complications. The new canaloplasty is a promising addition to viscocanalostomy in strives to achieve even better results.