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Chapter-05 Ethics and Ethics Committees

BOOK TITLE: Research Methodology Simplified: Every Clinician a Researcher

Author
1. Parikh Mahendra N
2. Mukherjee Joydev
3. Hazra Avijit
4. Gogtay Nithya
ISBN
9789350250037
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11435_5
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2010
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Seth GS Medical College and Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Mumbai, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Shushrusha Citizens’ Cooperative Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Fertility Sterility, India; The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India, Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Mumbai, Seth GS Medical College and Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2. North Bengal Medical College, West Bengal, India, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkota, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
3. Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, and Research, Kolkata, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
4. Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The evolution of ethics and ethical principles worldwide is liked to several unfortunate events. Two of the more prominent ones include the Nazi war crimes and the Tuskegee syphilis experimentation in the United States. In the latter, African American men were enrolled in a study to determine the natural course of syphilis and not given penicillin even when it was discovered and made available. Following World War II, Nazi doctors were brought to trial before an International tribunal. This led to the formation of the Nuremberg code in 1947 and is one of the most important documents in the history of evolution of medical ethics. In 1948, The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1964, at Helsinki, the World Medical Assembly adopted the Helsinki declaration which formulated general principles and specific guidelines on the use of human participants in research. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines govern research in India and were revised in 2006. The Schedule Y of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, Jan 2005 amendment gives guidelines for the functioning of the Institutional Review Boards. Ethics in animal experimentation are governed by Control and Supervision of Experiments ion Animals (CPCSEA), ICMR and the Indian National Science Academy (INSA) guidelines.

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