Strabismus and Tropia are medical terms for a vision, commonly called by various names: eye turns, crossed eyes, cross-eyed, wall-eyes, wandering eyes, deviating eye, etc. Strabismus is a vision condition where one’s eyes are not able to properly align under normal conditions. Both eyes are not able to focus in the same direction, at the same point, at the same time. One eye moves normally, while the other points in (esotropia or “crossed eyes”), out (exotropia), up (hypertropia) or down (hypotropia). Strabismus can lead to amblyopia. Strabismus is the physical disorder, and amblyopia is the visual consequence. It is estimated that up to 5 percent of all children have some type or degree of strabismus. Difficult strabismus problems are usually co-managed between orthoptists and ophthalmologists. At near, there is a greater difference in what the two eyes view as compared to far. Thus, stereopsis is strongest and most important at near distances. Stereopsis has been very important in human development. Stereopsis plays a role in many other human activites, such as, catching a ball, parking a car, threading a needle, performing surgery, or any other activity that requires accurate depth perception at close distances. Treatment for strabismus is similar to amblyopia treatment: vision therapy including patching or visual exercises, glasses with the correct prescription or bifocal or prism correction to aid in proper focusing, eyedrops to help focus or surgery. Surgery will correct the misaligned eyes but cannot resolve amblyopia caused by strabismus. Some eye surgeons disagree about the appropriate age for an infant or young child to undergo surgery to correct misaligned eyes. But new evidence suggests that it may be important to correct strabismus as soon as possible so that motor skills such as crawling and grasping can develop appropriately. In early 2008, researchers at the Retina Foundation of Southwest Texas reported an association between accelerated development of motor skills after infants with strabismus underwent corrective surgery.