The prevalence of HBV is considerably high in kidney dialysis patients compared to general populations. It has also found that HBV can be transmitted during dialysis for kidney diseases. These facts have resulted in creation of isolated dialysis room for HBV-infected patients in some institutions. In addition, HBV prophylaxis has seriously been adopted in the context of dialysis. In addition a relation of kidney dialysis and HBV transmission, HBV-related kidney diseases have also been detected, the frequency of which are higher in children. Also, the immune responses of dialysis patients are lower than control subjects and thus, the efficacy of HB vaccine is lower in these patients. Although HBV has widespread effect on kidney, these problems are not properly addressed in text book of liver. These aspects of HBV/kidney interactions have been described in this chapter.