The past two decades have seen significant advances in the field of contraceptive technologies. From 1960s, when the hormonal contraceptives were brought into the market, there has been a transition from high dose to low dose combined oral contraceptives, inert devices to the copper incorporated devices and hormone releasing intrauterine devices. Another breakthrough was the introduction of injectables and implants as contraceptives. Despite the widespread availability of a range of contraceptives, unintended pregnancies continue to be a major public health issue. Of the major lacunae one important aspect is lack of awareness among women as well as their misconceptions. The provider should be well versed with the efficacy of the various methods, possible health benefits, the side effects, as well as the health hazards resulting from pre-existing medical problems. The clinician should be able to match the user with the optimum contraceptive method. This chapter gives an account of hormonal contraceptives, intrauterine devices, barrier methods, fertility awareness based methods, emergency contraception as well as male and female sterilization.