Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is traditionally defined as infection of the upper genital tract; the uterus, fallopian tube and adjacent pelvic structures. The infection is usually an ascending infection from the vagina and endocervix, spreading to the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries and the pelvic peritoneum. The most common organism involved is C. trachomatis, followed by Gonococcus. The disease involves a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of varying severity as well as different combinations of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic peritonitis and generalized septicemia. PID has important health care implications as it affects younger women often leading to long-term sequelae in the form of infertility, ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain. However, the disease is often missed in clinical practice in spite of the fact that the incidence of the disease as well as its sequel is often preventable.