Vitamins are the organic nutrients that are required in small quantities to perform a variety of specific biochemical functions of normal growth and health of human body. Vitamins generally cannot be synthesized by the body and hence must be supplied by the diet. Classification of vitamins into water soluble and fat soluble and discussion of each vitamin are the highlights of this chapter. Water soluble vitamins include vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid and cobalamin. Fat soluble vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. Minerals are the nutritionally important substances and if their daily requirement is more than 100 mg, they are known as macro-minerals. If their daily requirement is less than 100 mg, then those are called micro-minerals. Macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphur. Micro-minerals include iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, selenium and fluoride. Most of the minerals are discussed in this chapter.