Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), also known as Alternative restorative treatment, is defined as “a dental caries treatment procedure involving the removal of soft, demineralized tooth tissue using hand instrument alone, followed by restoration of the tooth with an adhesive restorative material, routinely glass ionomer”. It has been endorsed by the World Health Organization and the International Association for Dental Research as a means of restoring and preventing caries with the goals of preserving tooth structure, reducing infection and avoiding discomfort. This technique is simple enough to train non-dental personnel or primary health care workers, therefore, is suited for people residing in remote areas and for field practise and can be carried out in schools, village halls or in health centers with minimum equipment and resources. The principles to be followed in the practise of ART, explanation of procedures, treatment materials, monitoring of restorations, management of failed or defective restorations, advantages and limitations area discussed in this chapter in detail.