Clinical medicine is still an art based on science. This chapter intends to provide an introduction to evidence-based medicine (EBM) for the neurosurgeons. The patient is the epicenter around whom everything else revolves. EBM is about improving the quality of patient care; it does not make a surgeon expert in his surgical expertise. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are the products of EBM. EBM is an active process and needs regular update. The easiest way to practice EBM is to use the internet. It is up to the seeker to obtain relevant and valid research information. If the evidence suggests that the benefits of the new treatment substantially outweigh the potential risks, it has to be discussed with eligible patients. When the risks of the new treatment outweigh potential benefits, it should be avoided unless there are individual considerations. If there is insufficient evidence, it is wise to be conservative, relying on individual clinical expertise.