This chapter illustrates strategies and protocol of CPAP application in various disorders including RDS, apnea of prematurity, MAS and post-extubation management. RDS is characterized by widespread atelectasis leading to loss of lung volume. CPAP works in this condition by preventing the collapse of unstable alveoli during expiration and by reopening the previously collapsed alveoli. Early respiratory management of RDS with CPAP reduces the need for IPPV and its duration if needed and also the incidence of chronic lung disease. RDS should be managed with early CPAP starting with a pressure of 6 cm of H2O with FiO2 ranging from 30–40% with target SpO2 between 90-93%. Take chest X-ray (CXR) and assess for chest expansion. Upper limits of CPAP are still undefined. But current evidence points on an upper limit of 8 cm of H2O in preterm infants and 9 cm of H2O in term babies. CPAP has reduced the incidence and severity of mixed and obstructive apnea by preventing the collapse of upper airways and pharynx and by splinting the diaphragm. A low-to moderate level of CPAP is used. Pressures between 4-5 cm of H2O can be used with FiO2 as low as possible to maintain O2 saturation between 88-90% along with medical management. CPAP is only a relative indication for a trial of CPAP since it is an obstructive airway disease. Homogeneous lung disease implies significant degree of uniform haziness in both lung fields and this may be the only area where CPAP could be considered to be used in MAS. Nonhomogeneous lung disease implies hyperlucency or air trapping out of proportion to haziness (atelectasis) and caution is to be exercised in using CPAP, which can lead to air leaks and exacerbate air- trapping. Level of CPAP should be decided based on the disease condition for which the baby was previously ventilated. A thumb rule is to convert the mean airway pressure (MAP) on the ventilator, before extubation to CPAP pressure.