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Chapter-16 Ocular Surface Reconstructions

BOOK TITLE: Recent Advances in Ophthalmology—10

Author
1. Sinha Rajesh
2. Vanathi M
3. Ray Manotosh
4. Gupta Noopur
ISBN
9789350252635
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11256_16
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
33
Author Affiliations
1. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, RP Center, New Delhi, India, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medial Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr RP Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institut
2. Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Clinical Ophthalmology, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar New Delhi, India, Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
3. National University Hospital; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, National University Health System, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
4. AIIMS, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Anatomically the ocular surface is comprised of cornea, conjunctiva and the limbus. However, functionally ocular surface is a much bigger unit comprising of both main and accessory lacrimal glands, ocular adnexas and tear film in addition to cornea, conjunctiva and limbus. The anatomical ocular surface is dependent on adjacent structures such as the anterior lamellae of the lids, the lashes, and lacrimal system for normal function. The role of ocular surface is to maintain optical clarity of the cornea by regulating hydration and to protect the globe from toxic, infectious and mechanical trauma. Ocular surface is highly complex in its functionality that is maintained by an intricate homeostatic system. Severe ocular surface disorders cause significant ocular morbidities and eventually corneal blindness in a large number of patients. The management of ocular surface disorders has really evolved in past three decades with tremendous clinical knowledge and scientific advancements. In the past, the patients with severe OSD had a fore-gone conclusion of grim prognosis with only temporary symptomatic measures available such as tarsorrhaphy, Gunderson’s flap or artificial tears. Recent scientific advancements have provided clearer understanding of ocular surface. Newer therapeutic and surgical methods provide much better options for OSD management in an attempt to maintain reasonable eyesight. These days we have a number of potent tools in our armamentarium to deal with severe OSD such as stem cell transplantation, amniotic membrane graft, tissue engineering products, range of prosthetic devices and bioartificial microsystem. Ocular surface reconstruction has emerged as the treatment modality of choice for OSD refractory to conventional medical therapies.

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