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Chapter-18 Mineral Metabolism

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Biochemistry for Dental Students

Author
1. Vasudevan DM
2. S Sreekumari
3. Vaidyanathan Kannan
ISBN
9789350254882
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11333_18
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2011
Pages
11
Author Affiliations
1. Faculty of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, (Amrita University), Kochi, Kerala, Formerly Principal, College of Medicine, Amrita, Kerala; Formerly, Dean, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Cochin, Kerala, E-mail: dmvasudevan@aims.amrita.edu, PG Programs and Research College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, College of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2. Jubilee Mission Medical College, Trissur, Kerala, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, Government Medical College, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
3. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Believers Church Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Daily requirement of calcium is 500 mg for adult. Vitamin D increases absorption of calcium. Calcium mediates contraction of muscles; transmission of nerve impulses; acts as second messenger; needed for coagulation. Parathyroid hormone causes demineralization of bone, and thereby increases blood calcium level. Hypocalcemia leads to tetany. Normal plasma sodium is 136–145 mEq/Litre. Sodium is the major extracellular cation. Potassium is the major intracellular cation. Hypokalemia causes T wave inversion. Hyperkalemia causes elevated T wave. Normal plasma potassium is 3.5 to 5 mEq/Litre. Normal plasma chloride is 96–106 mEq/L. Daily requirement of iron is 20 mg. Only ferrous form is absorbed. Absorption of iron is increased by vitamin C. Homeostasis of iron is controlled at the level of absorption; this is called mucosal block. Transport form of iron is transferrin. Storage form of iron is ferritin. Free Hb is carried by haptoglobin. Free heme is carried by hemopexin. Iron deficiency causes microcytic hypochromic anemia. Ceruloplasmin contains copper; it has ferroxidase activity. Ceruloplasmin is reduced in Wilson\'s disease. Copper deficiency causes microcytic normochromic anemia, and weakening of blood vessel walls. Lead is the most common environmental poison. Lead causes anemia and mental retardation.

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