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Chapter-19 Injuries of Pancreas

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Trauma Care

Author
1. Kochar SK
ISBN
9789350257173
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11942_19
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2013
Pages
14
Author Affiliations
1. Royal Hospital, Greenock, Scotland, UK, Army Base Hospital, New Delhi, India, Fortis Heart Institute and Multispeciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Injuries to the pancreas are uncommon. A recent study from Sweden reported an incidence of only 4 per 100,000 populations. Damage to the pancreas is caused by either blunt or penetrating injuries. Blunt injury is following road traffic accidents while penetrating could be due to gun-shot wounds or stab injuries. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion since symptoms of abdominal pain are often minimal or absent during initial phase of management in blunt abdominal trauma. The finding of an elevated amylase in the lavage fluid is once again suggestive of significant pancreatic injury. USG may show diffuse swelling of the pancreas or fluid collection around pancreas in some cases. CT scan is of more value in assessing the stable patient, but again its usefulness is limited. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) may be employed for further evaluation. In all gun-shot wounds and some stab wounds to the abdomen a laparotomy is mandatory. In these cases the diagnosis of pancreatic trauma should be made during operation. Prognosis is influenced by the cause and complexity of the pancreatic injury, the amount of blood lost, duration of shock, speed of resuscitation and quality and nature of surgical intervention. Management depends on grade of injury and it varies from simple sutures and drainage to pancreatoduodenectomy. Mortality is high in higher grade of injury and so is complication rate.

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