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Chapter-20 Injuries of Stomach

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Trauma Care

Author
1. Kochar SK
ISBN
9789350257173
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11942_20
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2013
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Royal Hospital, Greenock, Scotland, UK, Army Base Hospital, New Delhi, India, Fortis Heart Institute and Multispeciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Incidence of injury to stomach following blunt trauma is 0.09 to 1.8% while penetrating injuries in any large series do account for 7 per cent. The injury to the stomach may be partial or full thickness. Gastric perforation secondary to blunt abdominal trauma in adults is most commonly located on the greater curvature. These may be classified according to extent of mural damage. In penetrating injuries a single small perforation will be visualized on the anterior surface of the stomach when caused by stab wounds or low velocity firearm. High velocity usually cause paired perforations and are associated with areas of tissue damage and frank necrosis. Presence of hematemesis, altered blood on nasogastric aspiration, contusion upper abdomen, tenderness, rigidity, guarding in upper abdomen are the indicators that stomach may be the site of injury. If the patient is haemodynamically stable upper GI endoscopy is the procedure of choice. Diagnosis in penetrating injury is obvious but assessment for emergency laparotomy is occasionally difficult. Not all lacerations require emergency surgical intervention. The indications for surgical intervention for mucosal/sub mucosal lacerations are massive gastric hemorrhage with haemodynamic instability, endoscopic visualization of an actively bleeding laceration. The diagnosis of acute segmental gastric ischemia is typically unsuspected until emergency exploratory laparotomy is performed for blunt trauma. Sleeve resection of the nonviable and doubtful area is done. Perforation following blunt trauma is different than the ones after penetrating injuries. Two types are: (i) partial transection, and (ii) complete gastric transection. Ruptures are typically solitary, linear defects less than 10 cm in length. Two layers closure after debridement of the edges should be performed. Penetrating injuries may be stab wounds or gun-shot wounds. All gastric injuries are debrided and closed in two layers.

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