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Chapter-23 Injuries of Colon and Rectum

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Trauma Care

Author
1. Kochar SK
ISBN
9789350257173
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11942_23
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2013
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. Royal Hospital, Greenock, Scotland, UK, Army Base Hospital, New Delhi, India, Fortis Heart Institute and Multispeciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Colonic injuries are common among patients who have sustained penetrating injuries. The incidence of colonic injuries range between 25-30% in patients who sustain gun-shot wounds of the abdomen and stab wounds are responsible for 5% of incidence. Colorectal injury due to blunt trauma to the abdomen is rare. History of penetrating injury, blunt injury or having undergone some rectal procedures may be suggestive of diagnosis of colorectal injury. Tenderness, guarding and rigidity may or may not be present. Shock is due to blood loss as a result of other associated injuries and not due to colonic injuries. There may be blood on finger stall on per rectal examination or tenderness in pelvic peritoneum may be noticed. When bleeding is present, per rectal examination should be followed up with proctoscopy and rigid sigmiodoscopic examinations. Plane X-ray abdomen rarely shows gas under the diaphragm but in those patients who sustain injury following colonoscopy or sigmiodo-scopy or insufflation injury, it is mostly present. CT scan may demonstrate the most specific finding of the visualization of oral contrast extravasation and bowel wall disruption. In spite of reduction of mortality over the years to below 10%, one is still plagued with major complications in 15-50 per cent of cases. Surgical options are: primary closure without colostomy, primary closure with de functioning colostomy, resection and anastomosis, exteriorization of injured colon/colostomy, exteriorized repair. There are reports in the literature of colonic perforation following colonoscopy having been successfully managed conservatively.

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