This chapter provides detail description of prematurity. The chapter has 12 well illustrated diagrams and pictures. Prematurity, birth weight classification, identifiable causes of preterm birth, effects of prematurity, signs and features of prematurity, survival of premature infants, pre-pregnancy prevention, antepartum prevention, intrapartum management, criteria for discharge, instructions at the time of discharge, follow up protocol are described in detail. 6 tables are included to highlight causes of preterm birth, neonatal problems in premature infant, feeding technique, volume and frequency of food to premature infant and daily fluid requirements. One flow chart is added to depict algorithm for management of preterm infants. 23 references are given at the end of chapter to facilitate further reading.